Similar content being viewed by othersįreshwater habitats are disproportionally biodiverse. Our results highlight the need to intensify (inter)national commitments to limit global warming if freshwater biodiversity is to be safeguarded. In comparison, 9% of the species are projected to have more than half of their present-day geographic range threatened in a 2 ☌ warmer world, which further reduces to 4% of the species if warming is limited to 1.5 ☌. Threats are largest in tropical and sub-arid regions and increases in maximum water temperature are more threatening than changes in flow extremes. In a 3.2 ☌ warmer world (no further emission cuts after current governments’ pledges for 2030), 36% of the species have over half of their present-day geographic range exposed to climatic extremes beyond current levels. Here, we assess threats of future flow and water temperature extremes to ~11,500 riverine fish species. Climate change poses a significant threat to global biodiversity, but freshwater fishes have been largely ignored in climate change assessments.
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